Case Studies | Healthcare & Life Sciences

Grounded answers, never guesses

Knowledge Graph Chatbot

About

A Healthcare & Life Sciences business working with Cloud Combinator on AWS. The client is anonymised at their request.

Challenge

The challenge had four focus areas, each shaping the architecture rather than sitting on a checklist.

Question-to-query translation that holds up in production

The core problem was the interpretation step. Turning a plain-English question into a schema-correct graph query worked in an interactive chat window but drifted badly through the API, picking relationships and properties that did not fit the question. Closing that gap between demo behaviour and API behaviour was the whole point of the rebuild.

Grounded or nothing, zero fabrication

A previous vector-based approach had produced answers that read well but were not true. For a research team, that is disqualifying. The rebuild had to guarantee that the system either returns a grounded result or explicitly declines to answer, with every answer traceable to the query that produced it.

Data residency and access control

As a regulated business, the client required the application to run in the UK, in eu-west-2 (London), with Bedrock inference running in-region, access limited to authenticated staff, and any clinical or GxP obligations on top of UK GDPR confirmed during the assessment.

Portability and avoiding lock-in

The client flagged single-cloud dependency as a concern. The design keeps their queries in standard openCypher and holds the retrieval logic in a modular layer, so the graph and the intelligence around it are not welded to one vendor.

Solution

The engagement runs as one fixed-scope phase over four to six weeks, structured so that the accuracy target is measured rather than asserted, with production scoped separately afterwards.

80%

Target accuracy floor and go criterion (projected), agreed against the evaluation set

Zero

Fabricated entities or relationships, by design; the system grounds or abstains

4-6 wks

Assessment and proof of concept, one fixed-scope phase

By the numbers:

  • 80% - Target accuracy floor and go criterion (projected), agreed against the evaluation set
  • Zero - Fabricated entities or relationships, by design; the system grounds or abstains
  • 4-6 wks - Assessment and proof of concept, one fixed-scope phase
Changes

Acceptance is defined against measurable, grounded behaviour rather than a subjective demo. The system is accepted when the retrieval layer answers questions over the graph on AWS, meets the agreed accuracy target and makes every answer traceable. The figures below are the agreed targets and design guarantees set out in the Statement of Work.

  • Measured accuracyA dedicated evaluation harness scores responses against a mutually agreed set of representative questions, so the accuracy target is proven, not claimed. The proposed floor is 80 percent, chosen to give the delivery team headroom to over-deliver.
  • Grounded or abstainSchema-grounded generation with live schema validation means the agent returns a result it can stand behind or explicitly declines, removing the fabrication that disqualified the earlier approach.
  • Full traceabilityEvery answer carries the query that produced it, so any result can be checked back to source, which matters for a regulated research team.
  • Controlled access in-regionThe tool runs in eu-west-2 (London) and is reachable only by authenticated the client's staff through Amazon Cognito federated to their identity provider, with unauthenticated requests blocked at CloudFront and WAF.
  • HandoverThe engagement closes with an evaluation report, the confirmed architecture and a production recommendation, delivered through the collaborative, hands-on model the client asked for.

With grounding, measured accuracy and portability designed in from the start, the client finishes the proof of concept with a retrieval layer they can trust and a clear, reusable path into a production build, ready to put a trustworthy plain-English window over their knowledge graph and to extend it as their research grows.

AWS Stack

Amazon Neptune

For the knowledge graph, queried with portable openCypher.

Amazon Bedrock

For the conversational retrieval agent that grounds questions in the real schema.

AWS Glue

For the ingestion pipeline that loads the graph from the AWS data lake and automates the weekly refresh.

AWS Secrets Manager

For safe credential storage, with Amazon CloudWatch and AWS X-Ray for monitoring and traceability.

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